Michigan Esthetician State Board Practice Exam

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What is the condition called when there is a complete lack of melanin in the body?

Albinism
Leukoderma
Hypopigmentation
Achromia

The correct answer is: Albinism

Albinism is a genetic condition characterized by a complete lack of melanin in the body. Melanin is the pigment responsible for the color of skin, hair, and eyes, and its absence leads to the distinctive pale appearance associated with albinism. Individuals with this condition are at risk for various complications, including vision problems and increased susceptibility to sunburn and skin cancers due to the lack of protective pigment. The other terms listed refer to different conditions related to skin pigmentation. Leukoderma, for instance, describes a loss of skin color but does not necessarily indicate a complete absence of melanin like albinism does. Hypopigmentation refers to lighter skin than the normal pigmentation but does not imply a total deficiency. Achromia, while it refers to a lack of color, is typically a broader term that can apply to various contexts and conditions, not solely the genetic aspects of pigmentation absent in albinism. Therefore, albinism is specifically the accurate choice for a complete lack of melanin.