Michigan Esthetician State Board Practice Exam

In which skin type are the acid mantle and barrier function typically unhealthy?

1. Oily

2. Combination

3. Dry

4. Normal

The correct answer is: Dry

The correct answer is dry skin. In dry skin types, the acid mantle, which consists of a thin film of fatty acids and lactic acid, may be compromised. This damage can lead to a weakened barrier function. The barrier function is crucial for maintaining moisture levels and protecting the skin from environmental aggressors. When the acid mantle is unhealthy, it often results in increased trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), making the skin feel tight, flaky, or even itchy. In contrast, oily skin types generally have a more robust acid mantle due to the overproduction of sebum, which contributes to the barrier function. Combination skin can present a mix of characteristics, but typically, it does not exhibit the same level of compromised barrier as dry skin. Normal skin usually has a balanced acid mantle and effective barrier, making it less susceptible to the issues prevalent in dry skin. Therefore, dry skin is distinctly characterized by an unhealthy acid mantle and barrier function.